Mountain Bikers Push to Ride Through Wilderness

"Something will have gone out of us as a people if we ever let the remaining wilderness be destroyed..." - Wallace Stegner

The goal of the Wilderness Act, now celebrating its 60th birthday, was to set aside a small proportion of public land in America from human intrusion. The founders said some places deserved to be free from motorized, mechanized, and other intrusions to protect wildlife and wild lands.

But now, a handful of mountain bikers have partnered with a senator from Utah to gut the Wilderness Act.

This June, the Sustainable Trails Coalition, a mountain biking organization, cheered as Utah Republican Senator Mike Lee introduced a bill (S. 4561) to amend the Wilderness Act and allow mountain bikes, strollers, and game carts on every piece of land protected by the National Wilderness Preservation System. Stopping these intrusions would require each local wilderness manager to undertake a cumbersome process to say "no."

The U.S. Congress passed the Wilderness Act, and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed it into law on September 3, 1964, to "preserve the wilderness character" of 54 wilderness areas totaling 9.1 million acres. Today, this effort has become a true conservation success story.

The National Wilderness Preservation System protects over 800 wilderness areas totaling over 111 million acres in 44 states and Puerto Rico. It is America's most critical law for preserving wild places and the genetic diversity of thousands of plant and animal species. Yet designated wilderness accounts for only 2.7% of the Lower 48 and just about 5% if Alaska is included.

The protections of the Wilderness Act include a ban on logging, mining, roads, buildings, structures and installations, mechanized and motorized equipment, and more. Its authors sought to secure "an enduring resource of wilderness" for the American people to protect places not manipulated by modern society, where nature's ecological and evolutionary forces could continue to play out mostly unimpeded.

Grandfathered in, however, were some grazing allotments, while mining claims were also allowed to be patented until 1983. Many private mining claims still exist inside designated wildernesses.

Senator Lee's bill is premised on the false claim that the Wilderness Act never banned bikes and that the U.S. Forest Service supposedly changed its regulations in 1984 to ban them. But bicycles, an obvious kind of mechanized equipment, have always been prohibited in the wilderness by the law's plain language. ("There shall be...no other form of mechanical transport....") The Forest Service merely clarified its regulations on this point in 1984 as mountain bikes gained popularity.

Unfortunately, bikers in the Sustainable Trails Coalition are not the only recreational interest group that wants to weaken the Wilderness Act. Some rock climbers, for example, are pushing Congress to allow climbers to damage wilderness rock faces by pounding in permanent bolts and pitons rather than using only removable climbing aids. In addition, trail runners want exemptions from the ban on commercial trail racing in the wilderness. Drone pilots and paragliders want their aircraft exempted from Wilderness Act protections, and recreational pilots want to "bag" challenging landing sites in the wilderness.

The list of those seeking to water down the Wilderness Act is growing.

Most of these recreational groups say they support wilderness, understanding how important it is when people have radically altered most landscapes and wildlife habitats. At the same time, they want to slice out their piece of the wilderness pie.

Must we get everything we want in the outdoors? Rather than weakening the protections provided by the Wilderness Act, we could try to reinvigorate a spirit of humility toward wilderness. We could practice restraint, understanding that designated wildernesses have deep values beyond our human uses.

Meanwhile, in response to the growing demand for mountain biking trails, the Bureau of Land Management invites over a million mountain bikers each year to ride thousands of miles of trails. And the U.S. Forest Service already has a staggering 130,000 miles of motorized and nonmotorized trails available to mountain bikers.

Do mountain bikers and others pushing for access need to domesticate wilderness, too?

Let's cherish our wilderness heritage, whole and intact. We owe it to the farseeing founders of the Wilderness Act and to future generations.

Kevin Proescholdt is a contributor to Writers on the Range, writersontherange.org, an independent nonprofit dedicated to spurring lively conversation about the West. He is also the conservation director for Wilderness Watch, a national wilderness conservation organization headquartered in Missoula, Montana.